Probability and statistical modeling foundations.

Financial mathematics: interest, annuities, and derivatives.

Life contingencies and actuarial modeling.

Risk theory and enterprise risk management.

Programming courses in R, Python, or SAS.

Economics and micro/macro fundamentals.

Data analytics and predictive modeling techniques.

Actuarial applications in insurance and pensions.

Capstone or project-based courses for real‑world skills.

Professional ethics and communication in actuarial practice.