Athenian democracy developed in the 5th century BCE through the reforms of leaders like Cleisthenes.

It was a direct democracy, where eligible citizens participated directly in decision-making, rather than through representatives.

The main governing body was the Assembly (Ekklesia), which was open to all adult male citizens and had the power to pass laws and make major decisions.

The Council of 500 (Boule) set the agenda for the Assembly and was chosen by lot, ensuring broad participation.

Most public officials and jurors were also selected by lot, a key democratic principle to prevent corruption.

Citizens could vote to exile a politician for ten years through a process called ostracism.

Pericles, a leading Athenian statesman, introduced pay for public service, allowing poor citizens to participate in government.

Athenian democracy was limited, as it excluded women, slaves, and foreign residents (metics) from citizenship.

The system required a high level of civic participation from its citizens.

Its principles of popular sovereignty and political equality have had a profound influence on Western political thought.