Modern Art refers to the artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s.

Cubism, developed in the early 20th century by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, was a revolutionary movement that abandoned traditional perspective.

Cubist art depicts subjects from multiple viewpoints simultaneously, breaking them down into geometric forms.

Surrealism, which flourished in the 1920s and was influenced by Freudian psychology, sought to unlock the power of the subconscious mind.

Surrealist artists like Salvador Dalí created bizarre, dreamlike, and often disturbing images.

Dadaism, a predecessor to Surrealism, was an anti-art movement that protested the logic and reason that had led to World War I.

Abstract Expressionism was the first major American art movement to achieve international influence, emerging in New York City after World War II.

It was characterized by large-scale, non-representational works that emphasized the physical act of painting.

Key figures included Jackson Pollock, known for his 'drip' paintings, and Mark Rothko, known for his large, meditative color fields.

These movements represent a fundamental shift away from traditional representation towards abstraction and conceptual art.