Gothic architecture emerged in the 12th century in northern France and was the dominant style for major church construction for centuries.

The style was made possible by three key architectural innovations: the pointed arch, the ribbed vault, and the flying buttress.

These innovations distributed the weight of the roof, allowing for much taller buildings with thinner walls.

The structural support of the flying buttresses meant that walls no longer needed to be thick and solid, allowing for vast expanses of stained glass.

Stained-glass windows were used to depict biblical stories and the lives of saints, serving as a 'Bible for the illiterate.'

Gothic cathedrals were designed to create a sense of soaring height and divine light, meant to evoke the experience of heaven on earth.

The construction of a cathedral was a massive, multi-generational community project that required immense resources and skilled labor.

The master mason was the chief architect and engineer, responsible for the building's design and construction.

Famous examples of Gothic architecture include Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, Chartres Cathedral, and Cologne Cathedral.

The Gothic style represents one of the greatest artistic and engineering achievements of the Middle Ages.