The 19th century was the peak of the British Empire, a period often referred to as the 'Pax Britannica' (British Peace).

The empire was driven by a combination of economic, strategic, and ideological motives.

Economically, Britain sought raw materials for its industries, new markets for its manufactured goods, and opportunities for investment.

Strategically, Britain acquired key territories like the Suez Canal, South Africa, and Singapore to protect its global trade routes.

The ideology of imperialism was supported by a belief in Britain's cultural superiority and a 'civilizing mission' to spread its values.

After the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the British government took direct control of India, which became known as the 'jewel in the crown' of the empire.

During the 'Scramble for Africa' in the late 19th century, Britain acquired vast territories across the continent.

The empire was so vast that it was famously said that 'the sun never set on the British Empire.'

It was the largest formal empire in world history.

The British Empire had a profound and lasting impact on the political, economic, and cultural development of the world.