Classical liberalism is a political ideology that emerged during the Age of Enlightenment.

Its core principles are individual liberty, limited government, and free markets.

Early liberal thinkers like John Locke argued for natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and for government by the consent of the governed.

Adam Smith, in 'The Wealth of Nations,' provided the economic foundation for liberalism with his advocacy for laissez-faire capitalism.

In the 19th century, liberalism was the main ideology challenging the conservative order, advocating for constitutional government, freedom of the press, and religious tolerance.

Early liberalism primarily represented the interests of the rising industrial middle class.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a new form of 'social liberalism' (or modern liberalism) emerged.

Social liberalism argued that the government should play a role in addressing social problems and promoting equality of opportunity.

This led to support for policies like public education, social welfare programs, and government regulation of the economy.

Liberalism, in its various forms, has been one of the most influential political ideologies of the modern era.