Brazil was the largest colony of the Portuguese Empire.

In a unique historical event, the Portuguese royal court moved to Brazil in 1808 to escape Napoleon's invasion of Portugal.

Brazil achieved a relatively peaceful independence from Portugal in 1822, becoming the Empire of Brazil under Dom Pedro I.

The Brazilian economy in the 19th century was heavily dependent on slavery and the export of commodities like sugar and coffee.

Brazil was the last country in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery, in 1888.

The monarchy was overthrown in a military coup in 1889, establishing a republic.

The 20th century was marked by periods of populist rule, most notably under Getúlio Vargas, and a long military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985.

Brazil transitioned back to democracy in 1985.

The country has a vibrant, multicultural society with strong African, European, and Indigenous influences.

In the 21st century, Brazil has become a major regional power and one of the world's largest economies, though it continues to face challenges of inequality.