The Athenian legal system was a core component of its direct democracy.

Laws were proposed and passed by the Assembly (Ekklesia), a body composed of all eligible male citizens.

There were no professional judges or public prosecutors; private citizens were responsible for bringing cases to court.

Cases were decided by very large juries, often composed of 201, 501, or more citizens, who were chosen by lot.

This use of large juries was intended to prevent bribery and ensure a democratic verdict.

During a trial, both the prosecutor and the defendant would deliver timed speeches to the jury.

A water clock, or 'clepsydra,' was used to ensure that both sides had equal time to speak.

After the speeches, the jurors would vote immediately and secretly, without deliberation.

If the defendant was found guilty, the jury would often vote a second time to determine the penalty.

The famous trial of the philosopher Socrates in 399 BCE is a well-documented example of the Athenian legal process.