The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644, after overthrowing the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.

In the early 15th century, the Yongle Emperor sponsored a series of seven massive maritime expeditions.

These expeditions were commanded by the admiral Zheng He, a Muslim eunuch who was a trusted court official.

The 'treasure fleets' consisted of hundreds of ships, some of which were enormous 'treasure ships,' far larger than any European vessel of the time.

From 1405 to 1433, the fleets sailed throughout the Indian Ocean, visiting Southeast Asia, India, the Persian Gulf, and the east coast of Africa.

The primary purposes of the voyages were diplomacy and trade: to project Chinese power, establish tributary relationships, and control maritime commerce.

The expeditions brought back exotic goods and animals to the Chinese court, including giraffes from Africa.

After the death of the Yongle Emperor, the expeditions were abruptly halted and official support for them was withdrawn.

The reasons for this cessation are debated but include the high cost of the voyages and a shift in focus to defending against northern land threats.

This withdrawal from the seas marked a turning point, as China entered a period of relative isolation just as European exploration was beginning.