The Mongol army was composed almost entirely of cavalry, giving it unparalleled mobility and speed.

Every Mongol man was a skilled horseman and archer from a young age.

Their primary weapon was the powerful composite bow, which they could fire with great accuracy while on horseback.

The army was organized with strict discipline under a decimal system, allowing for precise command and control.

A key Mongol tactic was the feigned retreat, where they would pretend to flee, luring the enemy into a disorganized pursuit, and then turn to annihilate them.

They were masters of psychological warfare, often using terror and massacres to convince other cities to surrender without a fight.

The Mongols had a sophisticated system of scouts and spies that provided excellent intelligence.

While primarily a cavalry force, they were adept at siege warfare, often using captured engineers and technology from the peoples they conquered.

Their logistical support was minimal, as they could travel long distances living off their herds and by hunting.

The combination of mobility, discipline, and tactical brilliance made the Mongol army the most effective military force of its time.