The Mongol invasion of Europe was led by Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, in the 1230s and 1240s.

The first stage of the invasion was the conquest of the Kievan Rus' principalities.

The Mongols destroyed numerous Russian cities, including Kiev, and established dominance over the region that would last for 240 years (the 'Golden Horde').

In 1241, the Mongol army pushed west into Central Europe, invading Poland and Hungary simultaneously.

They annihilated a Polish and German army at the Battle of Legnica.

Two days later, they crushed the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohi.

The speed and tactics of the Mongol cavalry completely overwhelmed the traditional European heavy knights.

The Mongols raided deep into Europe, reaching the outskirts of Vienna.

The invasion came to an abrupt end in 1242 when the Mongol forces suddenly withdrew from Central Europe.

The withdrawal was likely prompted by the death of the Great Khan Ögedei in Mongolia, which required the princes to return to elect a successor.