Vienna, the capital of the Austrian Habsburgs, was seen as the gateway to Central Europe and was a major strategic goal for the Ottomans.

The First Siege of Vienna took place in 1529, led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

The first siege failed due to overstretched Ottoman supply lines, the onset of bad weather, and determined resistance from the city's defenders.

Despite its failure, the 1529 siege created immense fear in Europe and demonstrated the scale of the Ottoman threat.

The Second Siege of Vienna occurred in 1683, led by the Ottoman Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa.

The Ottoman army besieged the city for two months, bringing it to the brink of surrender.

The city was saved by the dramatic arrival of a large relief army composed of Polish, Austrian, and German forces.

This relief army was led by the Polish King, Jan III Sobieski.

The subsequent Battle of Vienna resulted in a crushing defeat for the Ottoman forces.

The failure of the second siege in 1683 is considered a major turning point that marked the beginning of the decline of Ottoman power in Europe.