Initially, at the start of the Civil War, African American men were not permitted to serve as soldiers in the Union Army.

This policy changed following the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which authorized their recruitment.

Approximately 180,000 African American men served in the Union Army, and another 19,000 served in the Navy.

They served in segregated units known as the United States Colored Troops (USCT), which were commanded by white officers.

African American soldiers faced significant discrimination, including initially receiving lower pay than white soldiers and being assigned disproportionately to heavy labor duties.

Despite these challenges, USCT regiments fought with great bravery in numerous battles, including the assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina and the Battle of the Crater in Virginia.

They faced immense risks if captured by Confederate forces, who often refused to treat them as prisoners of war and instead executed or enslaved them.

Their service was a crucial contribution to the Union war effort, providing much-needed manpower, particularly in the later stages of the war.

Over 16 Medals of Honor were awarded to African American soldiers for their valor.

Their participation in fighting for their own freedom was a powerful statement that helped to advance the cause of citizenship and equality after the war.