In ancient Mesopotamia, society was patriarchal, with men holding primary authority.

However, women could own property, run businesses, and engage in legal contracts.

Marriage was a contractual agreement between families, often arranged for economic or political reasons.

A woman's dowry remained her property throughout the marriage.

Royal women, such as queens and princesses, could wield considerable indirect influence.

Some women held powerful religious positions, most notably the high priestess ('En') of the moon god Nanna in Ur.

Women's primary role was considered to be within the household, as wives and mothers.

Legal codes like the Code of Hammurabi provided women with certain protections but also enforced strict rules regarding fidelity.

Women from lower classes worked in various occupations, including weaving, brewing, and as tavern keepers.

The rights and status of women in Mesopotamia varied over time and between different city-states.