Modals in CBSE Class 10 English – Comprehensive Notes with ExamplesModals Get PDF @ Rs. 99 – All Chapter Notes Get PDF @ Rs. 199 – Class 10 Notes MODAL AUXILIARIESWhat are Modals?Modal auxiliariesModal auxiliaries are helping verbs which are used to indicate modality (likelihood, ability, permission, certainty and obligation). They give information about the tense and function of the main verb in the sentence. They exist only in relation to the main verbs, without which, they make little sense in the sentence.Characteristics of ModalsModals UsedIn affirmative sentences, the modal auxiliary is placed between the subject and the main verb.In negative sentences, the modal auxiliary is placed between the subject and the negative adverb.Rules of Modals• They do not agree in number with the subject except for the modals ‘need’ and ‘dare’.• With the exception of ‘ought’, ‘need’ and ‘dare’, the modal auxiliaries are followed by infinitive forms of verbs without the preposition ‘to’.• They have no non-finite forms (‘-en’, ‘-ed’ or ‘-ing’ forms).• All tense forms are not represented by the modal auxiliary.Types of ModalsThere are three types of modal auxiliaries:• Single concept modals – having just one meaning• Double concept modals – having two meanings• Past modals – modals in the past tenseSingle Concept ModalsPast Modals• These modals help to refer to actions which took place in the past.• The structure of such sentences is as follows:+ +She needstolisten.Do you dare to dream?I can help.Rishab ought to study.Rishab ought to study.Rishab ought to study.Single Concept ModalsDouble Concept ModalsPast ModalsWillMayWould haveMightMustCould haveShouldWouldMight haveOught toShallShould haveHad betterCanMay haveCouldMust haveModalModalMeaningUsageCouldCouldPast abilityPast abilityTushar could eat 10 rotis at a time.Tushar could eat 10 rotis at a time.Present probability (unsure)Present probability (unsure)It could move if we all pushed hard.It could move if we all pushed hard.CanCanPresent abilityPresent abilityGavin can help you with your homework.Gavin can help you with your homework.PermissionPermissionCan I try one of these?Can I try one of these?ModalMeaningUsageMust haveAssumptionHe must have forgotten about us.May/might haveGuessing/speculatingRaj may have bought these oranges.Could havePossibility (likely not to have been fulfilled)Yash could have apprised us of the matter.Would havePossibilityThe guests would have left.Should have/ ought to haveHypothetical situation which may have been idealHe ought to have helped you. JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL Join Our WhatsApp Channel JOIN NOW